Thus, fWHR can be an honest signal of behavior. Research has demonstrated that males with a larger fWHR are more likely to engage in deception ( Haselhuhn & Wong, 2012), exploit the trust of others ( Stirrat & Perrett, 2010), and behave aggressively ( Carré & McCormick, 2008). fWHR is a face’s bizygomatic width (i.e., the distance between the left and right zygion, or cheekbones) divided by upper facial height (i.e., the distance between the upper lip and mid-brow Figure 1). One facial cue receiving a surge of recent research is male fWHR, a metric linked with testosterone ( Lefevre, Lewis, Perrett, & Penke, 2013 Penton-voak & Chen, 2004 Verdonck, Gaethofs, Carels, & de Zegher, 1999). Indeed, the similarity of facial cues between two target categories can elicit similar perceptions even in situations in which it is not sensible, such as the attribution of human traits to dogs and lions, and vice-versa ( Kwan, Gosling, & John, 2008 Zebrowitz et al., 2011). For example, baby-faced adults and infants elicit similar neural activation ( Zebrowitz, Luevano, Bronstad, & Aharon, 2009) and are similarly perceived to be warm and physically weak ( Zebrowitz & Montepare, 1992). Thus, consistent with ecological perspectives on person perception ( McArthur & Baron, 1983), facial cues that overlap between multiple social groups can lead to confounded perceptions and stereotypical inferences ( Freeman, Johnson, Adams, & Ambady, 2012). Diverse models in person perception research, such as models of kin recognition ( DeBruine, 2002 DeBruine, Jones, Little, & Perrett, 2008), compound-cues ( Adams, Franklin, Nelson, & Stevenson, 2011), and neural networking ( Freeman & Ambady, 2011 Zebrowitz et al., 2003) converge in concluding that shared cues among social groups contribute to similar impressions regarding individuals of these different groups. For instance, infants have wide eyes and rounded faces, and some individuals (i.e., baby-faced) retain these characteristics into adulthood ( Zebrowitz & Montepare, 1992). Sometimes, however, facial cues are shared between multiple and distinct social categories. Since another’s face is often the first bit of information received about them, it is sensible that this information is used to form an initial impression. The findings provide evidence that fWHR decreases across age and influences stereotypical perceptions that change with age. In addition, archival analyses (Study 2) established that fWHR decreases across age, and a subsequent study found that fWHR mediated the relationship between target age and multiple aging-related perceptions (Study 3). Examining whether fWHR might contribute to these changing perceptions over the life span, we found that age provides a shifting context through which fWHR differentially impacts aging-related social perceptions (Study 1). These perceptions are similar to those stereotypically associated with older adults. Recent work examining young adults’ faces has revealed the impact of the facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) on perceived traits, such that individuals with taller, thinner faces are perceived to be less aggressive, less physically powerful, and friendlier. Here we examined how facial structure informs these evolving social perceptions. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALSĪging influences how a person is perceived on multiple dimensions (e.g., physical power).
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